Case Studies/Radiant Capital
    Radiant Capital

    Radiant Capital Hack: $50M Stolen

    October 16, 2024 · Arbitrum / BNB Chain · Lazarus Group

    stolen
    $50M
    signers compromised
    3/11
    Arbitrum + BNB
    2 chains
    group
    Lazarus 🇰🇵

    What happened

    On October 16, 2024, Radiant Capital lost $50M in one of DeFi's most sophisticated supply-chain attacks. Three senior developers received a malware-laced PDF disguised as a smart contract audit — malware silently compromised their hardware wallets. When the developers signed what appeared to be routine multi-sig transactions, the malware invisibly altered the calldata, transferring ownership of Radiant's lending pool contracts to the attacker. $18M was drained from Arbitrum, $32M from BNB Chain. Google's Mandiant later confirmed the attack was carried out by Lazarus Group.

    How the funds moved

    Step 1

    Malware Delivery

    Three Radiant developers received a malicious PDF via Telegram — disguised as a smart contract audit from a trusted contact. The malware ran silently, compromising hardware wallet signing on the infected machines.

    Step 2

    Ownership Transfer

    While developers signed what appeared to be routine multi-sig operations, the malware altered transaction calldata in real time. The actual transactions transferred ownership of Radiant's lending pool contracts on Arbitrum and BNB Chain to the attacker's address.

    Step 3

    Drain & Laundering

    $18M drained from Arbitrum markets, $32M from BNB Chain. Funds converted to ETH/BNB and routed through multiple intermediary wallets. Laundering pattern consistent with previous Lazarus operations.

    Key findings

    Exploiter Address

    0x0629…8962Primary attacker address on Arbitrum — received stolen funds via contract ownership transfer
    Lazarus GroupDPRK

    Attack Vector

    Hardware wallet malware via PDFMalware silently modified Ledger signing UI — developers confirmed transactions they never intended to sign
    Supply Chain

    Affected Chains

    Arbitrum ($18M) + BNB Chain ($32M)First known multi-chain simultaneous drain via hardware wallet compromise

    Attribution

    Lazarus Group (DPRK)Confirmed by Google Mandiant in December 2024 — identical TTPs to prior Lazarus DeFi attacks

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